The 4Wall Systems & Design Team played a key role in illuminating the new "High Roller" observation wheel now adorning the Las Vegas skyline.  Martin Professional, another member of the High Roller lighting team, recently published a case study explaining in depth the lighting of this new landmark. 

Read the entire case study, reprinted in its entirety with permission, below.

In March 2014, the Las Vegas skyline was altered for good with the completion of the world's tallest observation wheel. The latest addition to Caesars Entertainment's exclusive The LINQ resort; The High Roller now rises above the cityscape of Las Vegas. Shaped like a giant floating hoop, The High Roller is illuminated from sunset throughout the night by fixtures from Martin Professional's Tripix range of products. 

Commissioned by Caesars Entertainment back in 2009 with an overall vision to change the Las Vegas Skyline with a new iconic landmark, the taxing project to realize the world's tallest observation wheel began. On the lighting side of this extravagant architectural project, NYXdesign teamed up with Martin Professional, systems integrator 4Wall Entertainment and electrical contractors Bombard Electric.

Customization is key
A lot of thought went into the design of the lighting solution, with positioning of the fixtures an especially crucial element due to the rounded shape of the structure and the inability of light to bend. With each section of the actual steel wheel being developed in China, it was not possible for the fixtures to be repositioned following completion of the structure. To ensure that each fixture was correctly positioned prior to completion, a 20-foot wooden prototype of a single section was constructed in a Hollywood studio where various positions were tested and finalized.  

Martin also developed a custom mounting bracket to mount the fixtures onto the rim and a number of vibration tests were conducted to guarantee long term quality. Additionally, Martin developed a custom-built 227 V power supply to match the requirements from the electrical engineers.

Buddy Pope, Senior Systems Project Manager, 4Wall Entertainment said about the process:

"Working with Henrik Kristensen from Martin and the rest of the team was very rewarding. We had to make sure everything would be able to withstand being turned upside down every 30 minutes, over and over again. Also, everything had to be designed down to the last hole before we were able to test anything. Martin's willingness to come up with customized solutions was a key success factor in these early stages."

Lighting Designer Abigail Rosen Holmes said:

"The amount of time we spent and the level of detail we worked with in the mockup stage really was worth it. It allowed us to know the choices we were making would work as we intended when installed. This information had to be carried through to the drawings, and eventually construction, as it would not be possible to adjust the fixtures' mounting positions."

Choosing the right fixture
One major challenge that had to be considered in the early stages of the project was to accommodate the user experience from both inside the cabins and from various angles and viewing distances make the lighting design successful from every possible perspective. The Tripix products were chosen because at the time they were the only fixtures on the market with a converged light source, also known as a tri-color chip, meaning that when you look directly at the light source you only see the color that the fixtures is programmed to show. As visitors would be able to see directly into the light source from the cabins, a traditional RGB light source was not an option. 

It was also relevant to use fixtures that would match and complement the modern and clean design of the structure. The Tripix range ticked this box as well and to integrate them completely as part of the design, the fixtures and the customized brackets were given a custom finish. This way they became part of the structure without being a distraction. 

For the electrical contractor, Bombard, the main obstacle was gaining access to the fixture locations on the wheel. In order to achieve the desired result it took a major coordination effort to get the rim to move into more installation friendly positions. 

Mike Gurule, Bombard Electric said:

"Apart from the difficulty in getting to the fixture locations, our involvement was a 'bolt-up' and 'plug and play' installation of a well-designed lighting system. Considering how challenging it was to get to the fixture locations, we initially had concerns about the reliability and durability of the Martin fixtures. Fortunately, as it turned out upon energization of the lighting system, there were only minor problems and very few fixtures failed. It is clear to us that Martin places a high emphasis on quality control."

The intentional aesthetics of the lighting design
Holmes was approached by the architects because of her diverse background in concert lighting, TV studio design, theme parks and installation projects. Interestingly, the architects were looking for a Lighting Designer with a background in music lighting for this architectural project and Holmes' theme park experience also proved valuable for this project. 

To Holmes it was a gift that David Codiga (Executive Project Director, The Linq) Randy Printz (Project Manager, Themed Development) and Phil Hettema (Creative Director, The Hettema Group) always had such a clear vision of what they wanted the structure to be. Every detail was carefully worked out to make the structure appear as modern and streamlined as possible. 

Holmes stated:  "Their vision allowed me to treat the object very simply, because in its pure form the structure is extraordinarily beautiful. Everybody involved had this clear idea and vision and were very consistent on keeping it all the way through."  The guidelines for the lighting design was that it had to respect the beauty and simplicity of the structure, while at the same time embracing its kinetic qualities. In contrast to many other examples of Las Vegas lighting, the design for the High Roller should not be flashy and carnival-like.

Designing lighting for a moving object
These guidelines have impacted every aspect of the lighting design, including how the patterns could run in subtle ways to emphasize the dimensionality and kinetic qualities of the wheel. The structure is large and very slim, so lighting can be programmed to give spectators a perception of 3D qualities. 

Even though the fixtures are moving around with the rim it is possible to program them to make the wheel appear to be one color in the bottom half and another in the top half. The programming frequently returns to white to reestablish the pure form of the object, and there are subtle design choices that may not all be grasped by spectators, but still contribute to the overall perception of the design. 

As the sun goes down a slightly different time every day, there are 365 individual cues timed to actual sunset. It starts with a sequence designed to play from sunset to dark. When darkness falls another set of sequences carry on all through the night. A set of special sequences have been designed for holidays and special events, including (according to Holmes) an awesome one for Halloween.

There is an obvious challenge in lighting up a structure like The High Roller. Unlike The London Eye, which is designed as an open truss structure, The High Roller is a massive white object that has to be illuminated from the outside. 

Talking about how this impacted on the lighting design, Holmes said:

"The 2,000 Martin fixtures were individually mapped and numbered to provide the detail and variety we wanted in the programming. This formed the basis of the varied movement patterns and groups which play out in the programming for the wheel lighting."

When the structure itself and the implementation of the lighting solution was complete an extensive phase began to implement the final lighting design. Holmes, working with programmer Jason Badger, created the initial wheel lighting sequences using an offline 3d visualizer, allowing the project team to further review and develop the feel and aesthetic of the programming prior to the installation. For onsite programming, a position was set up on a hotel balcony overlooking The High Roller. All the fixtures are wirelessly DMX-controlled, and during this phase all the pre-programmed sequences were tested and more were developed.

A new iconic landmark for Las Vegas
More than a year into its lifetime The High Roller has become an integral part of the Las Vegas Skyline with its beautiful shape and elegant lighting design, making it fully deserving of its status as the latest and greatest Vegas landmark.

Commenting on his favorite part of the entire process, Pope said:

"To me the most exciting moment was the first day when we were able to turn everything on and knew that it worked. Three years of work and planning turned out successfully but you can't help but hold your breath right up until the moment you turn it on. To me it is magical when at night the wheel comes to life with light and turns into something different."

Credits
A lot of skilled and professional people participated in this tremendous project to whom all credit is due. This story centers around the lighting part of the project why all contributors to the project are not included below. However, you can read about the entire project on Lighting and Sound America.

Lighting Team

4Wall Systems & Design

NYXdesign
Bombard Electric
Martin Professional

Martin equipment
Tripix 300, 1,120 pcs.
Tripix Wash, 1,008 pcs.
Tripix Power IP66, 560 pcs.
MAC Viper, 4 pcs.